Ranko Bugarski, lingvista, profesor Filolo\u0161kog fakulteta<\/strong><\/p>\nNemam nameru da se me\u0161am u tu raspru, ali ose\u0107am obavezu da se osvrnem na u\u010destala a pogre\u0161na pozivanja na Evropsku povelju o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima. Sa ovim va\u017enim dokumentom sam detaljno upoznat kao \u010dlan me\u0111unarodnog Komiteta eksperata Saveta Evrope za Povelju u periodu 2006-2018. godine, pa se u tom svojstvu javljam i sada (kao i ranije \u2013 posebno u polemici sa sli\u010dnim povodom na stranicama Politike od oktobra-novembra 2015. godine, iz koje \u0107u neke teze, pa i formulacije, morati ovde da ponovim). Naime, Odbor i u ovoj prilici zastupa svoje ve\u0107 poznato stanovi\u0161te da bosanski, koji je Srbija prilikom pristupanja Povelji priznala kao jezik bo\u0161nja\u010dke nacionalne manjine, ne mo\u017ee imati takav status jer je to, navodno, suprotno odredbama ovog dokumenta. (Sli\u010dno va\u017ei i za hrvatski, ali on nije predmet ovog osvrta). Pa da vidimo.<\/p>\n
Najpre, Komitet eksperata ne utvr\u0111uje koje jezike, i pod kojim imenima, zemlje pristupnice mogu da prijave za za\u0161titu, po\u0161to je to u nadle\u017enosti tih dr\u017eava. Dakle, Srbija je prijavila, a Komitet i Savet su prihvatili, listu na kojoj je i bosanski. Ali pogledajmo definiciju iz 1. \u010dlana Povelje, koju Odbor vi\u0161ekratno citira kao krunski dokaz utemeljenosti svojih stavova, a koja odre\u0111uje da se \u201eregionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima\u201c smatraju jezici koji su \u201erazli\u010diti od slu\u017ebenog (ili slu\u017ebenih) jezika te dr\u017eave, \u0161to ne uklju\u010duje dijalekte slu\u017ebenog (ili slu\u017ebenih) jezika dr\u017eave ili jezike migranata\u201c. Za Odbor je tu kraj pri\u010de, po\u0161to je on jo\u0161 davno utvrdio \u201enau\u010dnu istinu\u201c da je bosanski zapravo samo srpski pod drugim imenom, te da otuda nije od njega razli\u010dit i ne mo\u017ee do\u0107i pod za\u0161titu Povelje.<\/p>\n
Me\u0111utim, treba \u010ditati dalje od 1. \u010dlana. Ve\u0107 \u010dlan 7 stav 4 Povelje eksplicitno upozorava pristupnice da moraju uzeti u obzir potrebe i \u017eelje govornika regionalnih ili manjinskih jezika, a ta\u010dka 32 zvani\u010dnog Komentara uz sam osnovni tekst ka\u017ee slede\u0107e: \u201ePovelja se ne odre\u0111uje prema \u010desto spornom pitanju ta\u010dke u kojoj razli\u010diti oblici izra\u017eavanja obrazuju zasebne jezike. Ovo pitanje ne zavisi samo od strogo lingvisti\u010dkih razmatranja, nego i od psihosociolo\u0161kih i politi\u010dkih fenomena koji mogu dati razli\u010dite odgovore u svakom pojedinom slu\u010daju (podvukao R. B.). Zbog toga se nadle\u017enim vlastima svake dr\u017eave prepu\u0161ta da u skladu sa sopstvenim demokratskim procesima \/to\/ odrede\u201c.<\/p>\n
Tu dakle ne presu\u0111uju isklju\u010divo lingvisti\u010dki kriterijumi, kako \u201eu ime nauke\u201c insistira Odbor. (A i op\u0161tije uzev, poznato je da je razlika izme\u0111u dijalekta i jezika vi\u0161e dru\u0161tvena i politi\u010dka nego \u010disto lingvisti\u010dka). Dakle, kriterijum razli\u010ditosti ne treba tuma\u010diti samo u strogo lingvisti\u010dkom i komunikacijskom smislu, a Odbor upravo na tome istrajava i time odvodi ceo spor u slepu ulicu neproduktivnog dokazivanja o\u010diglednog \u2013 da se Bo\u0161njaci i Srbi me\u0111usobno odli\u010dno razumeju, \u0161to niko i ne spori. Uostalom, ni bo\u0161nja\u010dka strana nije tra\u017eila sopstveni kanal na nacionalnoj televiziji zato \u0161to ne razume srpski, nego iz sasvim drugih razloga.<\/p>\n
Ovde je re\u010d o jednom su\u0161tinskom aspektu manjinskih prava, a ne o odmeravanju dovoljne koli\u010dine lingvisti\u010dke razli\u010ditosti. Ako je sa lingvisti\u010dkog stanovi\u0161ta bosanski tek bezna\u010dajno razli\u010dit od srpskog, on je nesumnjivo razli\u010dit sociolingvisti\u010dki i pravno-politi\u010dki, kao jezik jedne u Srbiji priznate nacionalne manjine, za koji se kao maternji na popisu 2011. godine izjasnilo 134.600 njenih gra\u0111ana. (Na tako ne\u0161to izdaleka aludira i Odbor, dopu\u0161taju\u0107i da bosanski mo\u017ee imati samo simboli\u010dku funkciju). Iz ovog se vidi koliko je, iz ugla ljudskih i manjinskih prava, nedopustivo otpisivati bosanski kao obi\u010dan lokalni govor jednog dela Srbije, a pod imenom jezika druge dr\u017eave, kako to \u010dine neki komentatori.<\/p>\n
Uz sve to, prema izve\u0161taju Tanjuga koji je prenela Politika od 18.7.2019. godine, Odbor je u pismu Nacionalnom savetu za visoko obrazovanje, povodom zahteva za akreditaciju studijskog programa za bosanski jezik na Dr\u017eavnom univerzitetu u Novom Pazaru, ustvrdio slede\u0107e: \u201eNa osnovu Povelje o regionalnim i (valjda ili, R. B.) manjinskim jezicima i jo\u0161 vi\u0161e na osnovu nau\u010dnih lingvisti\u010dkih kriterija, jasno je da se ne mogu kao posebni studirati simboli\u010dki jezici, jer oni predstavljaju samo razli\u010dita imena drugog, u ovom slu\u010daju srpskog, standardnog jezika\u201c. O nau\u010dnim kriterijumima smo ve\u0107 ne\u0161to rekli, ali prvi pomenuti osnov je ve\u0107 \u010dista zloupotreba Povelje, koja uop\u0161te ne poznaje pojam simboli\u010dkih jezika. Kakvi god bili razlozi za odbijanje ovog zahteva \u2013 a ima ih \u2013 oni su ipak strogo doma\u0107i, i Povelja se nikako ne bi smela gurati me\u0111u njih.<\/p>\n
Ratifikuju\u0107i Povelju, Srbija je donela jedinu mogu\u0107u odluku: ako je ve\u0107 priznala odre\u0111ene nacionalne manjine, time im je priznala i pravo na sopstveni jezik, i to pod imenom koje koriste one same, jer to do\u017eivljavaju kao bitnu odrednicu svog identiteta. Jasno je da Srbija nije mogla da izjavi kako priznaje jezik odre\u0111ene manjine, ali samo pod drugim, \u201eispravnim\u201c nazivom. Zato je normalno prijavila bosanski jezik, unose\u0107i taj u doma\u0107u praksu ve\u0107 uvedeni termin i u svoj zakon o pristupanju Povelji. Tako je, svi\u0111alo se to nekome ili ne, termin bosanski (a ne bo\u0161nja\u010dki) jezik postao deo doma\u0107eg i me\u0111unarodnog zakonodavstva. Zato svi koji u ime za\u0161tite nacionalnih interesa pozivaju dr\u017eavne organe da proskribuju termin bosanski jezik, navode\u0107i nesuvisao \u201enau\u010dni\u201c argument da je on suprotan gramati\u010dkoj normi srpskog jezika, treba da budu svesni da time pozivaju na kr\u0161enje zakona Republike Srbije. A upravo to \u010dini Odbor, i ovom prilikom insistiraju\u0107i da se ovaj jezik \u201eu srpskom jeziku i u srpskom narodu\u201c mo\u017ee zvati samo bo\u0161nja\u010dki. Osim toga, nije jasno da li ova formulacija dopu\u0161ta da se u bosanskom jeziku i u bo\u0161nja\u010dkom narodu ovaj jezik zove bosanski \u2013 a upravo to je predmet spora; pogotovo je to nejasno ako je posredi, kako tvrdi Odbor, jedan isti jezik pod razli\u010ditim imenima.<\/p>\n
Ostaje utisak da je u ovoj polemici propu\u0161tena prilika da se smireno, bez raspaljivanja politi\u010dkih strasti i uzajamnog etiketiranja, ukrste argumenti o su\u0161tini spora: imaju li nacionalne manjine danas u Srbiji stvarno a ne samo deklarativno pravo da istaknu zahteve poput ovog bo\u0161nja\u010dkog; ako imaju, postoje li i realne mogu\u0107nosti da ga realizuju, u celosti ili delimi\u010dno; ako nemaju, za\u0161to nemaju, i pod kojim uslovima bi ga mogle ste\u0107i na obostrano zadovoljstvo; i sli\u010dno. Na\u017ealost, umesto toga Odbor je ceo spor odre\u0161ito i besprizivno sveo na suprotnost izme\u0111u politike i nauke: bo\u0161nja\u010dki zahtev je politi\u010dki, \u010dak politikantski, a Odbor ga odbacuje u ime nauke. Ali ne\u0107e biti: stav Odbora je tako\u0111e politi\u010dki, \u0161to je valjda neminovno kad je re\u010d o osetljivim pitanjima nacionalnih manjina, a koliko u jednom i drugom ima nauke, i koje, ostaje za diskusiju.<\/p>\n
I da se na kraju vratim Povelji, ona je doneta u nastojanju da se jezici manjina o\u010duvaju i njihova upotreba unapredi gde god je to mogu\u0107e, polaze\u0107i od stava da oni predstavljaju dragocen deo kulturnog nasle\u0111a Evrope. Prema tome, Povelja je izrazito afirmativan dokument, pa su direktno protivni njenom duhu poku\u0161aji da se ona koristi kao opravdanje za ometanje razvoja takvih jezika, ili \u010dak njihovo nepriznavanje, kako ne bi ugro\u017eavali ve\u0107inske nacionalne jezike.<\/p>\n
Autor je lingvista, profesor Filolo\u0161kog fakulteta.<\/strong><\/p>\nRanko Bugarski je prvo ime srpske lingvistike. Redovni profesor u miru Filolo\u0161kog fakulteta u Beogradu. Suosniva\u010d Dru\u0161tva za primenjenu lingvistiku Jugoslavije (1973) i prvi predsednik Saveza dru\u0161tava za primenjenu lingvistiku Jugoslavije (1976\u20141978), potpredsednik (1981\u20141984) Me\u0111unarodnog dru\u0161tva za primenjenu lingvistiku (Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliqu\u00e9e), predsednik Evropskog lingvisti\u010dkog dru\u0161tva (Societas Linguistica Europea), pridru\u017eeni \u010dlan Istra\u017eiva\u010dkog centra za multilingvizam (Centre de recherche sur le multilinguisme, Brisel), stru\u010dnjak Saveta Evrope za regionalne i manjinske jezike (Strazbur). \u010clan stru\u010dnih odbora vi\u0161e me\u0111unarodnih \u010dasopisa i stru\u010dnih zavoda. \u010clan Evropske akademije nauka i umetnosti (Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea).<\/p>\n
izvor: Danas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
List Danas od 24. septembra ove godine donio je tekst naslovljen \u201cBosanski'\u201c je politi\u010dki, a ne lingvisti\u010dki jezik\u201c, kojim Odbor za standardizaciju srpskog jezika reaguje na \u010dlanak g. Muamera Zukorli\u0107a \u201cNegiranje jezika\u201c (Danas, 17-18. avgust 2019), \u010dime se nastavlja polemika vo\u0111ena na stranicama lista Politika izme\u0111u 22. jula i 3. avgusta). Pi\u0161e:\u00a0Ranko Bugarski, lingvista, profesor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":509,"featured_media":228943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10196,8957],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-228942","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-iz-pera-nasih-autora","8":"category-vijesti-dana"},"yoast_head":"\n
Bugarski demantovao SANU, a potvrdio stavove Matice i akademika Zukorli\u0107a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/bugarski-demantovao-sanu-a-potvrdio-stavove-matice-i-akademika-zukorlica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"bs_BA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bugarski demantovao SANU, a potvrdio stavove Matice i akademika Zukorli\u0107a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"List Danas od 24. septembra ove godine donio je tekst naslovljen \u201cBosanski'\u201c je politi\u010dki, a ne lingvisti\u010dki jezik\u201c, kojim Odbor za standardizaciju srpskog jezika reaguje na \u010dlanak g. 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Muamera Zukorli\u0107a \u201cNegiranje jezika\u201c (Danas, 17-18. avgust 2019), \u010dime se nastavlja polemika vo\u0111ena na stranicama lista Politika izme\u0111u 22. jula i 3. avgusta). Pi\u0161e:\u00a0Ranko Bugarski, lingvista, profesor […]","og_url":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/bugarski-demantovao-sanu-a-potvrdio-stavove-matice-i-akademika-zukorlica\/","og_site_name":"Sand\u017eak PRESS","article_published_time":"2019-10-03T14:31:28+00:00","og_image":[{"width":696,"height":469,"url":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/ranko-bugarski-696x469.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Agencija","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Agencija","Est. reading time":"7 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