{"id":190102,"date":"2017-06-30T19:04:24","date_gmt":"2017-06-30T17:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/?p=190102"},"modified":"2017-06-30T19:04:52","modified_gmt":"2017-06-30T17:04:52","slug":"transformacija-himne-iz-vjerske-u-nacionalnu-revolucionarnu-pjesmu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/transformacija-himne-iz-vjerske-u-nacionalnu-revolucionarnu-pjesmu\/","title":{"rendered":"Transformacija himne iz vjerske u nacionalnu revolucionarnu pjesmu"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Knji\u017eevnost u politici i politika u knji\u017eevnosti (III)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

U prethodnom tekstu pratili smo evoluciju himne kao knji\u017eevne forme koja iz dominantno religijskog okru\u017eja prelazi u vjersko-narodne pokrete s funkcijom poticanja na akciju i revolta spram neslobodarskih ideologija i upravlja\u010dkih sistema. U redovima koji slijede pratit \u0107emo njezinu dalju transformaciju ka izrazito nacionalnoj i revolucionarnoj pjesmi s nagla\u0161enim politi\u010dkim ciljevima i patriotskim osje\u0107anjima.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Obzirom na sna\u017ean utjecaj himni\u010dnog poziva na bunt i protest u okviru pokreta za vjersku reformaciju, ova forma je i u potonjem periodu bivala omiljeno sredstvo iskaza stava \u0161irih narodnih masa kroz stihovane rije\u010di pojedinca koje su upotpunjene prigodnom melodijom i ritmom. Njezina dominacija kao izrazito efikasnog medija, posredstvom koga se motivira markirana grupa ili cijeli jedan narod, postala je klju\u010dna u nastanku nacionalnih i himni revolucionarnih pokreta, ili pak u velikom broju slu\u010dajeva koordinacijom ovih dvaju procesa. \u010cinjenica da je primarno nastala iz vjerskog ozra\u010dja, obja\u0161njava sna\u017ean osje\u0107aj religijskog momenta u najstarijim tekstovima ove vrste koji se ostvaruje kroz razli\u010dite zamolbe Stvoritelju da sa\u010duva, pomogne, spase odre\u0111eni partikularni interes naroda u kome pjesma nastaje, \u010dime se himna sa pozicije op\u0107euniverzalnog teksta reducira na tekst kojim se intenzivno identificira tek jedan narod ili pripadnici odre\u0111enog pokreta. Takav je slu\u010daj i sa najstarijom nacionalnom i dr\u017eavnom himnom \u2013 himnom Kraljevine Velike Britanije, premda je tekst holandske himne jo\u0161 stariji, ali znatno kasnije dobija status nacionalne himne, kao i tekst japanske himne koji potje\u010de iz devetog vijeka.<\/p>\n

Nastanak nacionalne himne Velike Britanije povijesno se ve\u017ee za kralja Georgea II (D\u017eord\u017ea) i njegov rat sa jakobinskim pretendentima na \u0161kotski i engleski prijestol 1745. godine, odnosno poraz britanske vojske u Bici kod Prestonpana od jakobinca Charlesa Edwarda Stuarta. Prema predanju, kralj je bio toliko utu\u010den porazom da su mu podanici u vidu utjehe ispjevali pjesmu\u00a0God Save the\u00a0<\/em>King \u2013 Bo\u017ee, \u010duvaj nam kralja<\/em>, koja tako sna\u017eno djeluje na britansko dru\u0161tvo da ve\u0107 naredne 1746. godine poslije vi\u0161e od jednog stolje\u0107a uspijevaju da poraze jokobince. Me\u0111utim, sami tekst u primarnim varijantama nastaje prije, o \u010demu svjedo\u010di i \u010dinjenica da se 1744. godine u \u010dasopisu\u00a0Thesaurus Musicus<\/em>\u00a0pojavljuje notni zapis za prvu strofu koja se izvodila u dvoglasju prema melodiji crkvene tu\u017ealjke, mada su pojedini istra\u017eiva\u010di prepoznali sli\u010dnosti i sa melodijama golijardskih satira. Tako\u0111er, u literaturi se navodi da su pojedini stihovi inkorporirani iz Biblije kralja Jamesa (D\u017eejmsa) i nekih crkvenih molitvi, kao recimo stihovi druge strofe\u00a0Rastjeraj na\u0161e neprijatelje\u00a0<\/em>koji se podudaraju sa molitvom koja se izvodila na liturgijama prigodom obilje\u017eavanja obljetnice Barutne zavjere.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pjesma je vrlo brzo dobila karakter nacionalne himne, iako nikada takvom nije zvani\u010dno progla\u0161ena. Izvo\u0111ena je u raznim prigodama, od pozori\u0161nih predstava do kraljevskih ceremonijala, a kasnije i u svim situacijama kada se protokolom predvi\u0111a interpretiranje nacionalne himne. Kona\u010dni tekst nikada nije utvr\u0111en, tako da su u XIX stolje\u0107u vo\u0111ene rasprave o izmjeni pojedinih dijelova u kojima se nagla\u0161ava utjecaj kralja\/kraljice i crkve, pa \u010dak nastali i alternativni tekstovi poput onog Williama Hicksona iz 1836, a i danas se donekle mijenja u ovisnosti da li je na prijestolju kralj ili kraljica, pri \u010demu trenuta\u010dna ina\u010dnica glasi\u00a0God Save the Queen\u00a0<\/em>\u2013\u00a0Bo\u017ee \u010duvaj Kraljicu<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

God save our gracious Queen,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bo\u017ee \u010duvaj na\u0161u milostivu Kraljicu,<\/em><\/p>\n

Long live our noble Queen, \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dugo nek\u2019 \u017eivi na\u0161a plemenita Kraljica,<\/em><\/p>\n

God save the Queen: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bo\u017ee \u010duvaj Kraljicu:<\/em><\/p>\n

Send her victorious, \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obdari je pobjedom,<\/em><\/p>\n

Happy and glorious,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sre\u0107om i slavom,<\/em><\/p>\n

Long to reign over us:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dugo nad nama nek\u2019 vlada:<\/em><\/p>\n

God save the Queen.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bo\u017ee \u010duvaj Kraljicu.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

O Lord, our God, arise,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O Gospode, na\u0161 Bo\u017ee, ustani,<\/em><\/p>\n

Scatter her enemies,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rastjeraj njene neprijatelje,<\/em><\/p>\n

And make them fall.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>I propast na njih po\u0161alji.<\/em><\/p>\n

Confound their politics,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Satri njihovu politiku,<\/em><\/p>\n

Frustrate their knavish tricks,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uni\u0161ti njihove kvarne igre,<\/em><\/p>\n

On Thee our hopes we fix,<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U Tebe svoje nade pola\u017eemo,<\/em><\/p>\n

God save us all.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bo\u017ee \u010duvaj sve nas.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Thy choicest gifts in store,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Svoje najbolje darove \u0161to ima\u0161,<\/em><\/p>\n

On her be pleased to pour;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Njoj dobrohotno u izobilju daruj;<\/em><\/p>\n

Long may she reign:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dugo neka ona vlada:<\/em><\/p>\n

May she defend our laws,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neka brani na\u0161e zakone,<\/em><\/p>\n

And ever give us cause\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I uvijek nam daje razloga<\/em><\/p>\n

To sing with heart and voice\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Da iz sveg srca glasno pjevamo<\/em><\/p>\n

God save the Queen.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bo\u017ee, \u010duvaj Kraljicu.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Po uzoru na Veliku Britaniju, ve\u0107ina evropskih kraljevstava u XVIII i XIX vijeku za protokolarne, ceremonijalne i druge dr\u017eavni\u010dke prigode usvaja himnu \u010dime ona postaje simbol i neizostavni dekorativni dio svake dr\u017eave. Ve\u0107ina kraljevstava tog doba kao predlo\u017eak za svoju kraljevsku i nacionalnu himnu korisilo je tekst i melodiju\u00a0God save the Queen<\/em>. Recimo, najstarija njema\u010dka himna\u00a0Heil dir im Siegerkranz<\/em>\u00a0zapravo je prepravljena verzija britanske pjesme. Prema istom principu nastala je himna tada\u0161njeg Ruskog carstva\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0426\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u00a0<\/em>(Bo\u017ee, \u010duvaj cara),\u00a0<\/em>Austro-Ugarske monarhije\u00a0Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser\u00a0<\/em>(Bo\u017ee, \u010duvaj cara Franju), Kraljevine \u0160vedske\u00a0Kungss\u00e5ngen<\/em>\u00a0(Kraljeva pjesma<\/em>), Kraljevine Danske\u00a0Kong Kristian\u00a0<\/em>(Kralj Kristijan), Kraljevine Norve\u0161ke\u00a0Kongesangen\u00a0<\/em>(Kraljeva pjesma). Tonove i tekst tako\u0111er su preuzeli Francuska, Pruska, \u0160vicarska, Lihten\u0161tajn\u2026 dok je u zemljama Komonvelta \u2013 Australiji, Novom Zelandu, Kanadi, Jamajci i drugim \u2013 do skora bila jedina nacionalna himna. O popularnosti njezine melodije, mo\u017eda, najilustrativnije govori podatak da ju je preko 140 kompozitora iskoristilo djelimi\u010dno ili integralno u vlastitim kompozicijama, me\u0111u njima i zvu\u010dna imena poput Betovena i Haydna.<\/p>\n

Opozicija kraljevskim ceromonijalnim himnama jesu kora\u010dnice nastale u revolucionarnim pokretima XIX stolje\u0107a, \u0161to nas kona\u010dno dovodi do tre\u0107e faze transformacije forme himni\u010dnog teksta iz religijskog, preko vjersko-narodnog do nacionalnog; koje se docnije dijeli na isklju\u010divo nacionalne i internacionalne himni\u010dne tekstove. Da bismo upotpunili sliku tog procesa, kratko \u0107emo se osvrnuti na tri najstarija i danas najrasprostranjenija himni\u010dna teksta revolucionarnog karaktera: francusku\u00a0Marseljezu<\/em>, ameri\u010dku\u00a0The Star Spangled Baner\u00a0<\/em>(Bajrak iski\u0107en zvijezdama<\/em>) i\u00a0Internacionalu<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Marseljeza je najstariji revolucionarni tekst prerastao u nacionalnu himnu. Primarno je nastala kao kora\u010dnica francuskih vojnika u ratu protiv Austrijanca 1792. godine (ta\u010dnije 25. aprila), kada ju je skladao kapetan Rougeta de Lisle, sa prvotnim nazivom\u00a0Ratna pjesma Rajanske armije<\/em>\u00a0i stihovima posve\u0107enim vojnom zapovjedniku i guverneru Strasbourga grofu Nicolasu Luckneru. Pored ratnog pokli\u010da, surovih i krvavih scena, stihovi su osobno inspirirani Francuskom revolucijom okon\u010danom nekoliko godina ranije (1789. godine). Nacionalnu popularnost zadobila je 30. jula 1792. godine kada su je, prilikom ulaska u Pariz iz pravca Marselja, pjevali 500 dobrovoljaca. Tri godine docnije, 1795. godine, progla\u0161ena je nacionalnom himnom Francuske.<\/p>\n

Tekst Marseljeze, uslijed brutalnosti, svireposti, krvavih prizora, otvorenih poziva na rat i pokli\u010da na osvetu, \u010desto je na udaru kritika, pa su i danas nerijetki glasovi koji francusku nacionalnu himnu smatraju neprimjerenom za ovu vrstu kanonskog teksta.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/h1>\n

LA MARSEILLAISE<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rouget de Lisle,\u00a01792.<\/strong><\/p>\n

I
Hajdemo! Djeco Domovine!
Dan slave je do\u0161ao!
Protiv nas je podignuta
Krvava zastava tiranije!\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
\u010cujete li u poljima
Riku tih divljih vojnika?
Oni vam u naru\u010dje dolaze
Da zakolju va\u0161e sinove, va\u0161e supruge.<\/p>\n

Refren\u00a0<\/em>
Na oru\u017eje gra\u0111ani!
Formirajte svoje bataljone!
Kora\u010dajmo! Kora\u010dajmo!
Neka ne\u010dista krv
Natopi na\u0161e brazde!<\/p>\n

II
\u0160to ho\u0107e ta rulja robova,
Izdajnika, od kralja zavedenih?
Za koga ti gnusni okovi,
Ti lanci odavno pripremljeni?\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Francuzi! Za nas, ah! Kakva uvreda!
Kakav zanos treba izazvati;
Usu\u0111uju se kaniti
Vratiti nas u staro ropstvo.<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em><\/p>\n

(\u2026)<\/p>\n

IV
Bojte se, tirani i vi, izdajnici,
Sramoto svih stranaka!
Bojte se! Va\u0161i rodoubila\u010dki planovi
Dobiti \u0107e svoju cijenu.\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Svako je vojnik da se protiv vas bori.
Ako padnu, na\u0161i mladi junaci,
Zemlja ih stvara ponovo
Protiv vas da se bore potpuno spremni.<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em><\/p>\n

V
Francuzi! Kao velikodu\u0161ni ratnici
Zadajmo i zadr\u017eavajmo svoje udarce!
Po\u0161tedimo te tu\u017ene \u017ertve,
Nerado, protiv nas naoru\u017eane!\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Ali taj tiranin krvavi!
Ali ti urotnici iz Bujea!
Ti tigrovi koji bez milosti,
Razdiru grudi svoje majke!<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em><\/p>\n

VI
Ljubavi sveta za Domovinu
Vodi, oja\u010daj na\u0161e osvetni\u010dke mi\u0161ice!
Slobodo! Slobodo draga,
Bori se sa svojim braniteljima!\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Pod na\u0161e zastave neka pobjeda
Dotr\u010di na tvoje mu\u0161ke pozive!
Neka tvoji umiru\u0107i neprijatelji
Vide tvoj trijumf i na\u0161u slavu!<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em>
(\u2026)<\/p>\n

IX
I francuski narod poznaje tvoju slavu;
Okrunjenu Jednako\u0161\u0107u,
Kakav trijumf, kakva pobjeda,
Ste\u010dena Slobodo!\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Bog koji \u0161alje gromove
I koji vlada pojavama,
Da bi uni\u0161tio tiranina,
Slu\u017ei se na zemlji tvojom mi\u0161icom!<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em><\/p>\n

X
Mi smo tiranije
Odbili posljednje napore;
Iz na\u0161ih krajeva, ona je istjerana!
Kod Francuza kraljevi su mrtvi.\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Neka zauvijek \u017eivi Republika!
Prokleto neka je kraljevstvo!
Neka ovaj refren svuda no\u0161en,
Prkosi politici kraljeva.<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em><\/p>\n

(\u2026)<\/p>\n

XII
Bacaju\u0107i pod noge prava \u010covjeka,
Nedisciplinirane legije
Prvih stanovnika Rima
Pot\u010dini\u0161e narode.\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Ve\u0107i i mudriji plan
Anga\u017eira nas u borbe
I Francuz u ruci dr\u017ei oru\u017eje
Samo da razori ropstvo.<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em><\/p>\n

(\u2026)<\/p>\n

XIV
O vas! Neka slava okru\u017euje,
Gra\u0111ani, slavni ratnici,
Bojte se, u poljima Belone,
Bojte se da ukaljate va\u0161e lovorove krune!\u00a0(dvaput)<\/em>
Neprijem\u010divi na crne sumnje
Prema va\u0161im zapovjednicima, va\u0161im generalima,
Ne napu\u0161tajte nikad svoje zastave,
I ostat \u0107ete nepobjedivi!<\/p>\n

(refren)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Druga po starini revolucionarna nacionalna himna, nastala u ne\u0161to druk\u010dijem ambijentu, jeste ameri\u010dka himna\u00a0The Star Spangled Baner\u00a0<\/em>\u2013\u00a0Bajrak iski\u0107en zvijezdama\u00a0<\/em>ispjevana u jeku Ameri\u010dko-britanskog rata 1812-1815. godine. U naizmjeni\u010dnoj ratnoj sre\u0107i, Britanci su avgusta 1814. godine uspjeli prodrijeti do Washingtona, zapaliti Bijelu ku\u0107u i Kapitol Hill, nakon \u010dega su se povukli ka Baltimoru s namjerom da zaposjednu strate\u0161ki najzna\u010dajnije vojno utvr\u0111enje Fort Mekhenri\u0161to bi im garantiralo trajno zauze\u0107e priobalja, a samim time i \u0161ire baltimorske i va\u0161ingtonske oblasti. U septembru 1814. godine britanska mornarica je preko 25 sati bombardirala ovo utvr\u0111enje ispaliv\u0161i vi\u0161e od 1800 granata, ali se ono odr\u017ealo. Kao znak prkosa, nakon zastra\u0161uju\u0107eg bombardiranja, na tvr\u0111avi je istaknuta ogromna ameri\u010dka zastava (razmjere 9\u00d713 metara) koju je ru\u010dno izradila Mary Pickersgill. U trenutku isticanja zastave advokat Francis Scott Key (Francis Skot Ki) nalazio se u pregovara\u010dkoj misiji za oslobo\u0111enje zarobljenika na brodici u zale\u0111u britanske mornarice. Ugledav\u0161i zavihorenu ameri\u010dku zastavu sa devet zvjezdica (tek kasnije \u0107e ih biti pedeset), Key je na koverti napisao stihove koji \u0107e, simboliziraju\u0107i ameri\u010dki prkos, uz melodiju jedne britanske pjesme iz XVIII vijeka, postati toliko omiljeni da \u0107e 1931. godine biti progla\u0161eni za ameri\u010dku nacionalnu himnu, s tim \u0161to je iz zvani\u010dne verzije, zbog prenagla\u0161enih antibritanskih tendencija, izba\u010dena tre\u0107a strofa.<\/p>\n

O say can you see by the dawn's early light,<\/em><\/p>\n

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,<\/em><\/p>\n

Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,<\/em><\/p>\n

O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?<\/em><\/p>\n

And the rockets\u2019 red glare, the bombs bursting in air,<\/em><\/p>\n

Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;<\/em><\/p>\n

O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,<\/em><\/p>\n

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

O reci da li mo\u017ee\u0161 da vidi\u0161 na svjetlosti rane zore,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0160ta smo tako ponosno slavili na posljednjim odsjajima sumraka,<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010cije \u0161iroke pruge i sjajne zvijezde kroz jasnu borbu<\/em><\/p>\n

preko bedema koje smo gledali tako elegantno pru\u017eali<\/em><\/p>\n

i crveni \u017ear raketa i eksplozije bombi u vazduh nam<\/em><\/p>\n

daj dokaz u no\u0107 da je na\u0161a zastava jo\u0161 uvijek bila tamo.<\/em><\/p>\n

O reci da li taj bajrak oki\u0107en zvijezdama jo\u0161 vihori<\/em><\/p>\n

preko zemlje slobode i domova hrabrih<\/em><\/p>\n

(\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na matrici britanske, francuske i ameri\u010dke nacionalne himne nastale su nacionalne himne skoro svih naroda zapadnoga svijeta i dr\u017eava koje su pod najdirektnijim utjecajem zapadne politike, i to prete\u017eno u drugoj polovici XIX i tokom XX vijeka. Nasuprot njima, poseban blok \u010dine himne proistekle iz me\u0111unarodnog revolucionarnog pokreta, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e inspirirane stihovima Internacionale francuskog socijaliste Eugena Potitiera nastale 1871. godine. Pjesma je nai\u0161la na sna\u017ean prijem kod pripadnika me\u0111unarodnog radni\u010dkog pokreta i vrlo brzo je prevedena na skoro sve jezike svijeta. U periodu 1917-1944. godine bila je i zvani\u010dna himna Sovjetskog saveza, a u Kini je njena izvedba na partijskim i drugim sastancima zakonom zabranjena tek 2003. godine. Internacionala je \u0161iroko prihva\u0107ena kao himna socijalnih, anarhisti\u010dkih i revolucionarnih pokreta, te je zbog buntovni\u010dkog karaktera \u010desto bivala zabranjivana u mnogim zemljama tokom XX stolje\u0107a.<\/p>\n

Ovom prilikom, zbog nedostatka prostora, ne\u0107emo navoditi njene stihove, jer \u0107emo iste rabiti u narednim tekstovima kada budemo pisali o revolucionarnoj poeziji me\u0111unarodnog radni\u010dkog pokreta.<\/p>\n

U slijede\u0107em nastavku bit \u0107e rije\u010di o nastanku nacionalnih himni balkanskih naroda, s posebnim akcentom na dr\u017eave nastale raspadom biv\u0161e Jugoslavije.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na matrici britanske, francuske i ameri\u010dke nacionalne himne nastale su nacionalne himne skoro svih naroda zapadnoga svijeta i dr\u017eava koje su pod najdirektnijim utjecajem zapadne politike, i to prete\u017eno u drugoj polovici XIX i tokom XX vijeka. Nasuprot njima, poseban blok \u010dine himne proistekle iz me\u0111unarodnog revolucionarnog pokreta, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e inspirirane stihovima Internacionale francuskog socijaliste Eugena Potitiera nastale 1871. godine.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Glas islama 283, strana 12-13, KNJI\u017dEVNOST U POLITICI, Dr. Jahja Fehratovi\u0107<\/p>\n

(mesihat.org)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Knji\u017eevnost u politici i politika u knji\u017eevnosti (III)   U prethodnom tekstu pratili smo evoluciju himne kao knji\u017eevne forme koja iz dominantno religijskog okru\u017eja prelazi u vjersko-narodne pokrete s funkcijom poticanja na akciju i revolta spram neslobodarskih ideologija i upravlja\u010dkih sistema. U redovima koji slijede pratit \u0107emo njezinu dalju transformaciju ka izrazito nacionalnoj i revolucionarnoj […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":509,"featured_media":190104,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10196,798],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-190102","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-iz-pera-nasih-autora","8":"category-teme"},"yoast_head":"\nTransformacija himne iz vjerske u nacionalnu revolucionarnu pjesmu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/transformacija-himne-iz-vjerske-u-nacionalnu-revolucionarnu-pjesmu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"bs_BA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Transformacija himne iz vjerske u nacionalnu revolucionarnu pjesmu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Knji\u017eevnost u politici i politika u knji\u017eevnosti (III)   U prethodnom tekstu pratili smo evoluciju himne kao knji\u017eevne forme koja iz dominantno religijskog okru\u017eja prelazi u vjersko-narodne pokrete s funkcijom poticanja na akciju i revolta spram neslobodarskih ideologija i upravlja\u010dkih sistema. 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