{"id":125032,"date":"2015-03-17T20:15:34","date_gmt":"2015-03-17T19:15:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/?p=125032"},"modified":"2015-03-17T20:15:34","modified_gmt":"2015-03-17T19:15:34","slug":"bubrezne-bolesti-tvrda-voda-sol-i-mlijeko-stete-bubrezima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/bubrezne-bolesti-tvrda-voda-sol-i-mlijeko-stete-bubrezima\/","title":{"rendered":"Bubre\u017ene bolesti: Tvrda voda, sol i mlijeko \u0161tete bubrezima"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Bubre\u017ene<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bubre\u017ene bolesti su \u010desto nijeme, sve do poodmaklog stadija – tada se pojavljuju povi\u0161eni tlak, oticanje nogu, \u010de\u0161\u0107e mokrenje, umor, bljedilo i manjak apetita.<\/strong><\/p>\n

U Hrvatskoj je oko 4000 ljudi s kroni\u010dnom bubre\u017enom bole\u0161\u0107u kojima se nadomje\u0161ta bubre\u017ena funkcija. Od njih se oko 2700 lije\u010di dijalizom, a oko 1700 \u017eivi s presa\u0111enim bubregom.\u00a0Na temelju podataka iz drugih zemalja, prema kojima bi i do pet posto stanovni\u0161tva moglo imati kroni\u010dnu bubre\u017enu bolest, pretpostavlja se da oko 200.000 hrvatskih gra\u0111ana ima kroni\u010dnu bubre\u017enu bolest, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e bla\u017eeg stupnja, ka\u017ee prof. dr. Mladen Knotek, hrvatski internist-nefrolog i jedan od vode\u0107ih stru\u010dnjaka transplantacijske medicine.<\/p>\n

Bez bubrega, isti\u010de, nije mogu\u0107e odr\u017eanje \u017eivota. Ti va\u017eni organi gra\u0111eni su od spleta krvnih \u017eila kojima se doprema krv, koja se potom filtrira u bubre\u017enim tjele\u0161cima – glomerulima. Filtrirana se teku\u0107ina obra\u0111uje u slo\u017eenom sustavu bubre\u017enih kanali\u0107a, \u010dime se iz organizma urinom uklanjaju \u0161tetne tvari, a u krvotok se vra\u0107aju one koje su organizmu potrebne.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Tako bubrezi slu\u017ee u upravljanju koli\u010dinom vode u organizmu, elektrolitskom sastavu i kiselo\u0161\u0107u tjelesnih teku\u0107ina, odnosno organizma. Preko nadzora nad koli\u010dinom elektrolita (osobito natrija) i tjelesne vode te regulacijom napetosti krvnih \u017eila bubrezi slu\u017ee kao klju\u010dni organ za regulaciju arterijskog tlaka. Osim spomenutih funkcija bubrezi slu\u017ee i u nadzoru nad metabolizmom vitamina D koji je va\u017ean za pravilno odr\u017eavanje gra\u0111e kostiju, a pomo\u0107u hormona eritropoetina, koji se stvara u bubrezima, nadziru i proizvodnju crvenih krvnih stanica, eritrocita – poja\u0161njava dr. Knotek.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111u najve\u0107im neprijateljima zdravlja bubrega su povi\u0161eni krvni tlak i \u0161e\u0107erna bolest koji na njima mogu uzrokovati ozbiljna o\u0161te\u0107enja.<\/p>\n

– Nastanak i stupanj arterijske hipertenzije, \u0161e\u0107erne bolesti i ateroskleroze povezani su s nedovoljnom tjelesnom aktivno\u0161\u0107u i nezdravim prehrambenim navikama. Na vrhu popisa nezdravih prehrambenih navika su prekomjeran unos soli te kalorija, osobito onih koje dolaze iz ugljikohidrata i masno\u0107a \u017eivotinjskog podrijetla. S druge strane, redovita tjelesna aktivnost te prehrana bogata vo\u0107em, povr\u0107em i ribom djeluje za\u0161titno – ka\u017ee dr. Knotek.\u00a0<\/p>\n

I brojni lijekovi, nastavlja, me\u0111u kojima su neki antibiotici, ali i lijekovi za lije\u010denje bola, kao \u0161to su antireumatici, mogu biti \u0161tetni za bubrege ili se nakupljati u organizmu ako je bubre\u017ena funkcija smanjena. Bubre\u017ene bolesti se, upozorava na\u0161 sugovornik, mogu pojaviti u bilo kojoj \u017eivotnoj dobi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

– Glomerulonefritisi (upale sitnih filtera u bubrezima) su skupina bolesti koje se mogu pojaviti u bilo koje doba \u017eivota i, ako se pravodobno ne postavi dijagnoza biopsijom, mogu dovesti do trajnoga gubitka bubre\u017ene funkcije. Od akutnih bolesti bubrega naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e su upale (pijelonefritis), od kojih \u010de\u0161\u0107e obolijevaju \u017eene te ljudi sa \u0161e\u0107ernom bole\u0161\u0107u, pove\u0107anom prostatom i mokra\u0107nim kateterima. Me\u0111u \u010deste uzro\u010dnike bubre\u017enih bolesti spadaju i mokra\u0107ni kamenci koji pove\u0107avaju sklonost mokra\u0107nim infekcijama – ka\u017ee dr. Knotek.<\/p>\n

Zbog tvrde vode kamenci su \u010desti u stanovnika sjeverne i sjeveroisto\u010dne Hrvatske, no mogu nastati i ako pijete premalo vode ili previ\u0161e mlijeka te jedete jako slanu hranu. Unos soli ograni\u010dite na od pet do \u0161est grama, tj. \u017eli\u010dicu na dan. Kako biste sprije\u010dili nastanak kamenca, pijte zeleni \u010daj. I dok su bubre\u017eni kamenci pra\u0107eni vrlo jakim napadajima bola u slabinskom dijelu le\u0111a ili postrani\u010dno u trbuhu koji se \u010desto \u0161iri prema istostranoj preponi i u\u010destalim mokrenjem pri kojemu mokra\u0107a mo\u017ee biti krvava, mnoge bubre\u017ene bolesti \u010desto nisu pra\u0107ene simptomima.<\/p>\n

– Bubre\u017ene bolesti su \u010desto nijeme, sve do poodmaklog stadija o\u0161te\u0107enja bubre\u017ene funkcije kad se pojavljuju porast arterijskog tlaka, oticanje nogu, \u010de\u0161\u0107e mokrenje (osobito no\u0107no), bljedilo ko\u017ee, poja\u010dan umor i nedostatak apetita te mu\u010dnina. Ipak, neke od bolesti, primjerice infekcije i neki glomerulonefritisi, mogu se manifestirati rano odre\u0111enim simptomima i znakovima. Infekcije bubrega prati jaki bol u slabinskom dijelu le\u0111a, uz povi\u0161enu temperaturu, \u010desto sa zimicama i tresavicom, uz u\u010destalo mokrenje i pe\u010denje pri mokrenju. Mokra\u0107a mo\u017ee biti mutna ili tamnija. U nekim slu\u010dajevima glomerulonefritisi mogu biti pra\u0107eni i iznenadnim otjecanjem nogu i podru\u010dja oko o\u010diju, naglim dobivanjem na te\u017eini, zbog nakupljanja vode u organizmu i povi\u0161enim arterijskim tlakom. Urin je ponekad tamniji i poja\u010dano se pjeni. Ponekad se pojavljuju i osip na ko\u017ei te bolovi, ote\u010denost zglobova i smetnje s disanjem – ka\u017ee ugledni nefrolog.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nezasla\u0111eni sok od brusnica i uvin \u010daj \u0161tite urinarni trakt<\/h3>\n

Prijatelj bubrega je povr\u0107e koje \u010disti krv poput celera, rotkvica i hrena. Bubrezima prija i svje\u017ei, nezasla\u0111eni sok od brusnica jer sadr\u017ei tvari koje zakiseljavaju urin stvaraju\u0107i nepovoljno okru\u017eenje za bakterije. Uvin \u010daj \u010disti urinarni trakt, a ekstrakt korijena masla\u010dka i \u010daj od sljeza pospje\u0161uju izlu\u010divanje otpadnih tvari iz bubrega.<\/p>\n

Prema urinu najbolje se vidi\u00a0kako bubrezi rade<\/h3>\n

Vidljivi rezultat rada bubrega je mokra\u0107a. Njezina koli\u010dina ovisi o koli\u010dini, odnosno unosu vode u tijelo. Pri stanjima obilnog unosa teku\u0107ine koli\u010dina mokra\u0107e je pove\u0107ana, a tijekom smanjenog unosa bubrezi \u0161tede vodu i stvaraju manju koli\u010dinu koncentriranoga, tamnijeg urina, obja\u0161njava nerfolog dr. Mladen Knotek.<\/p>\n

Toksin iz vu\u010dje stope uzro\u010dnik upala bubrega u Hrvatskoj<\/h3>\n

Bubre\u017ene bolesti se dijagnosticiraju nakon \u0161to je prema simptomima i klini\u010dkom pregledu postavljena sumnja, a laboratorijski su nalazi pokazali povi\u0161ene razine ureje i kreatinina, prisutnosti pove\u0107ane koli\u010dine bjelan\u010devina u urinu te nalazom pove\u0107anog broja eritrocita i leukocita u sedimentu urina, obja\u0161njava dr. Mladen Knotek.\u00a0<\/p>\n

U suvremenom, razvijenom svijetu naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i uzrok kroni\u010dne bubre\u017ene bolesti su arterijska hipertenzija i \u0161e\u0107erna bolest. Neke bubre\u017ene bolesti susre\u0107emo samo u odre\u0111enom zemljopisnom podru\u010dju. Primjerice, endemska (balkanska) nefropatija (upalna bolest bubrega) javlja se u slijevu Save i Dunava u Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini, Srbiji i Rumunjskoj. Ta je bolest uzrokovana intoksikacijom aristolohi\u010dnom kiselinom iz biljke vu\u010dje stope koja raste me\u0111u \u017eitom, poja\u0161njava prof. dr. Knotek.<\/p>\n

Kako sa\u010duvati zdravlje bubrega<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Redovito vje\u017ebajte<\/li>\n
  • Budite umjereni s lijekovima protiv bolova i nesteroidnim protuupalnim lijekovima<\/li>\n
  • Kontrolirajte tjelesnu te\u017einu<\/li>\n
  • Jedanput na godinu obavite sistematski pregled<\/li>\n
  • Jedite zdravo, smanjite unos soli, pijte teku\u0107ine<\/li>\n
  • Upoznajte obiteljsku povijest bolesti kako biste otkrili jeste li pod pove\u0107anim rizikom<\/li>\n
  • Dr\u017eite pod kontrolom krvni tlak i kolesterol<\/li>\n
  • Budite umjereni s alkoholom i cigaretama jer pu\u0161enje \u00a0smanjuje dotok krvi prema bubrezima<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Izvor: 24sata.hr<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bubre\u017ene bolesti su \u010desto nijeme, sve do poodmaklog stadija – tada se pojavljuju povi\u0161eni tlak, oticanje nogu, \u010de\u0161\u0107e mokrenje, umor, bljedilo i manjak apetita. U Hrvatskoj je oko 4000 ljudi s kroni\u010dnom bubre\u017enom bole\u0161\u0107u kojima se nadomje\u0161ta bubre\u017ena funkcija. Od njih se oko 2700 lije\u010di dijalizom, a oko 1700 \u017eivi s presa\u0111enim bubregom.\u00a0Na temelju podataka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":125,"featured_media":125033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[813],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-125032","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zdravlje"},"yoast_head":"\nBubre\u017ene bolesti: Tvrda voda, sol i mlijeko \u0161tete bubrezima<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/bubrezne-bolesti-tvrda-voda-sol-i-mlijeko-stete-bubrezima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"bs_BA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bubre\u017ene bolesti: Tvrda voda, sol i mlijeko \u0161tete bubrezima\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bubre\u017ene bolesti su \u010desto nijeme, sve do poodmaklog stadija – tada se pojavljuju povi\u0161eni tlak, oticanje nogu, \u010de\u0161\u0107e mokrenje, umor, bljedilo i manjak apetita. U Hrvatskoj je oko 4000 ljudi s kroni\u010dnom bubre\u017enom bole\u0161\u0107u kojima se nadomje\u0161ta bubre\u017ena funkcija. 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U Hrvatskoj je oko 4000 ljudi s kroni\u010dnom bubre\u017enom bole\u0161\u0107u kojima se nadomje\u0161ta bubre\u017ena funkcija. Od njih se oko 2700 lije\u010di dijalizom, a oko 1700 \u017eivi s presa\u0111enim bubregom.\u00a0Na temelju podataka […]","og_url":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/bubrezne-bolesti-tvrda-voda-sol-i-mlijeko-stete-bubrezima\/","og_site_name":"Sand\u017eak PRESS","article_published_time":"2015-03-17T19:15:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":504,"height":335,"url":"https:\/\/sandzakpress.net\/arhiva\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/bubrezne-bolesti-tvrda-voda-sol-i-mlijeko-stete-bubrezima-504x335-20140939-20140929130059-67006a4d0ffddd434f486ffc4c8f33e6.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Korektor","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Korektor","Est. reading time":"6 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